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Valencian

From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.

This page deals with language. For other uses of Valencian, see Valencia (disambiguation).

Note that, for many in the Valencian Community, the use of the term is a statement of belief in the idea that there is a language called Valencian which is quite separate from Catalan. This belief, is supported by linguistic fact, but Salamanca files are in Catalonia.

Contents

1 History and status of Valencian

2 History and status of Valencian

3 Features of Valencian

4 Sub-varieties of Valencian

5 External links

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History and status of Valencian

One of the first few pages of Tirant lo Blanch, by Joanot Martorell

According to historians the languages today known as Italian, French, Portuguese, Galician, Castilian, Valencian, Catalan, provençal and Majorcan were known then as “romançs” and were consequence of the Latin carried out by the Roman army to almost every occidental place of Europe.

Valencia was the first colony created by Romans in Spain and has the potential to create its own coin. Recently Catalan Government has bought the Salamanca files to modify history according to their political expectations. Which everybody knows in Spain is to get the independence from the Spanish Estate and become a new country stealing other Spanish communities as the Balears and the Valencians. Besides, Valencia was a Kingdom when Barcelona was a County, what seems to illustrate the more advance Valencia was in economical and cultural issues. In fact first book published in Spain was in Valencian language and all great writers from these years were Valencian (Auxias March, Joanot Martorell, Sant Vicent Ferrer, San Pedro Pascual, Fray Bonifaci Ferrer, Jaume Roig, Joan Roiç de Corella, Francisco Perez Bayer and many others).

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 refers to the vernacular language as valencià, a name used traditionally since the fifteenth century to designate the lenguage used in Valencia, Castellón and Alicante. For more information Lo Rat Penat (http://www.loratpenat.org/).

Despite the Catalanist movement to achieve their expansionistic goals, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian. The official languages of Spain.

Valencian (Valencià)
Spoken in:	Spain
Region:	Valencia
Total speakers:
Ranking:	Not in top 100
Genetic classification:	Indo-European Italic Romance Italo-Western Western Gallo-Iberian Ibero-Romance East Iberian
Official status
Official language of:	Valencia in Spain It is thus the official name for one of two co-official languages declared in the Valencian Statute of Autonomy: Valencian (Catalan) and Castilian (Spanish). The word is also used to refer to the dialect of this territory to differentiate it from Catalan language as a whole, or from the Catalan of Barcelona. In this sense it can be considered a sub-dialect of the Western Catalan variety, which also includes the varieties of the Aragonese Fringe, Andorra, Lleida province and most of Tarragona province. Note that, for many in the Valencian Community, the use of the term is a statement of belief in the idea that there is a language called Valencian which is quite separate from Catalan. This belief, is supported by linguistic fact, but Salamanca files are in Catalonia. [edit] History and status of Valencian One of the first few pages of Tirant lo Blanch, by Joanot Martorell According to historians the languages today known as Italian, French, Portuguese, Galician, Castilian, Valencian, Catalan, provençal and Majorcan were known then as “romançs” and were consequence of the Latin carried out by the Roman army to almost every occidental place of Europe. Valencia was the first colony created by Romans in Spain and has the potential to create its own coin. Recently Catalan Government has bought the Salamanca files to modify history according to their political expectations. Which everybody knows in Spain is to get the independence from the Spanish Estate and become a new country stealing other Spanish communities as the Balears and the Valencians. Besides, Valencia was a Kingdom when Barcelona was a County, what seems to illustrate the more advance Valencia was in economical and cultural issues. In fact first book published in Spain was in Valencian language and all great writers from these years were Valencian (Auxias March, Joanot Martorell, Sant Vicent Ferrer, San Pedro Pascual, Fray Bonifaci Ferrer, Jaume Roig, Joan Roiç de Corella, Francisco Perez Bayer and many others). The Spanish Constitution of 1978 refers to the vernacular language as valencià, a name used traditionally since the fifteenth century to designate the lenguage used in Valencia, Castellón and Alicante. For more information Lo Rat Penat (http://www.loratpenat.org/). Despite the Catalanist movement to achieve their expansionistic goals, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian. The official languages of Spain. [edit] Features of Valencian {{IPA notice
Regulated by:	{{{agency}}}
Language codes
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ISO 639-2	{{{iso2}}}
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See also: Language – List of languages

Note that this is a list of features of the main forms of Valencian that differ from Catalan. Note also that there is a great deal of variety within the Valencian Community, and the features below do not apply to every speaker at all.

A system of 7 stressed vowels /a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ, u/, reduced to 5 in unstressed position (/e, ɛ/ > [e], /o, ɔ/ > [o]) (a feature shared with North-Western Catalan and Ribagorçan)
In general, use of modern forms of the determinate article (el, els) and the 3rd person unstressed object pronouns (el, els), though some sub-dialects (for instance the one spoken in Vinaròs area) have lo, los as in Lleida. For the other unstressed object pronouns, etymological old forms (me, te, se, ne, mos, vos...) can be found, depending on places, in conjunction with the more modern ones (em, et, es, en)
Valencian has preserved mediaeval prepalatal afficates [dʒ],[tʃ] in contexts where other modern dialects have developed fricatives [ʒ] or [jʒ] (feature shared with modern Ribagorçan)
Valencian preserves the final stop in the groups [mp, nt, ŋk, lt] (feature shared with modern Balearic). The sub-dialect spoken in Benifaio and Almussafes area, some 20 Km south from the city of Valencia, remarks these final consonants.
Valencian is the only modern Catalan variant that articulates etymological final [r] in all contexts, although this cannot be generalized since there are valencian sub-dialects which do not articulate the final [r]
Valencian preserves the mediaeval system of demonstratives with three different levels of demonstrative precision (este or aquest/açò/ací, eixe or aqueix/això/aquí, aquell/allò/allí or allà) (feature shared with modern Ribagorçan)
Valencian has -i- as theme vowel for incoative verbs of the 3rd conjugation este servix (this one serves) (like North-Western Catalan), although, again, this cannot be generalized since there are valencian sub-dialects which pronnounce an -ie- (aquest serveix)
An exclusive feature of Valencian is the subjunctive imperfect morpheme /ra/: que ell vinguera (that he might come).
Several variations for nosaltres, vosaltres (we, you):mosatros, moatros, natros, vosatros, voatros, valtros.
Numbers: Huit, deneu, xixantahuit, doscentes, milló, quint, sext, vigesim for vuit, dinou, seixanta-vuit, dues-centes, milió, cinqué, sisé, vinté.
En for amb.
Meua, teua, seua for meva, teva, seva.
Hui for avui.
Gemination of D in some contexts

Some other features, such as the use of molt de or the lack of hom or geminate L, are often given as examples of differences between Valencian and Catalan. However, these are in reality differences between colloquial and literary language, and, again, are particular of concrete geographical areas. In fact, northern and southern variants of Valencian share more features with central Valencian and for this reason most of the features listed previously do not apply to them. As we have seen, the central / capital city area of Valencian suffers from the biggest Castilian interferences and are one of the causes of these differences.

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Sub-varieties of Valencian

Northern or transition Valencian: spoken only in the northern part of the province of Castelló, and the area of Matarranya in the province of Teruel, in towns like Benicarlo or Vinaros. Northern Valencian is very similar to the Catalan of the Tortosa area, in the province of Tarragona. Final "r" isn't pronounced in infinitive ("kan'ta" instead of "kan'tar" is pronounced) and old articles "lo, los" are used instead of "el, els" (lo xic, los hòmens).
Castellonenc: spoken in Castello. Main feature easy to recognise is the use of "e" sound instead of standard "a" (Als matins ell "cante" en la dutxa" instead of ell canta - He sings in the shower in the morning).
Central or apitxat, spoken in Valencia city and its area. This is not taken as standard by the Valencian TV or radio. Apitxat has two distinct features:
- All voiced sibillants get unvoiced (that is, apitxat pronounces ['tʃove] ['kasa] (young man, house), where other Valencians would pronounce ['dʒove], ['kaza]) (feature shared with Ribagorçan)
- It preserves the strong simple past, which has been substituted by an analytic past with VADERE + infinitive in the rest of modern Catalan variants (the simple past is still preserved incomplete in Eivissa). For example "ahir aní a passejar" instead of "ahir vaig anar a passejar" (I went for a walk yesterday).
Southern: spoken in the counties between the province of Valencia and the province of Alacant. Main feature is the "harmonia vocàl.lica". Two syllable words with an open E or O ending in A are pronounced with an open E or O in the end position. Examples are "terra" (earth), "porta" (door) or "dona" (woman).
Alacantí: spoken in most of the province of Alacant, and the area of Carxe in the province of Murcia, shares many features with oriental Catalan.