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Turkic languages

From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.

The Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China. The Turkic languages are considered by some linguists to be part of the Altaic language family.

The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish.

Turkic languages are agglutinative and exhibit phonological vowel harmony.

Though various different Turkic tribes and their languages have mixed with each other throughout centuries, making a classification extremely difficult, a very simplified classification could be as follows:

Southwestern languages:
- Oghuz group:
  - Turkish Turkish, Gagauz,Khorasan Turkic
  - Azerbaijani Azerbaijani, Seljuk, Qashqai, Khalaj
  - Turkmen Turkmen
  - unclassified Crimean Turkish of Cenral Asia, Urum, Salar (also classified as Uighur-Chagatai)
Northwestern languages: (or Kypchak group)
- Aralo-Caspian: Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Nogai)
- Ponto-Caspian: Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Karaim, Crimean Tatar, Krymchak (Judeo-Crimean Tatar), Pecheneg (extinct), Cuman (extinct)
- Uralian: Tatar, Bashkir, Chulym
Northern languages:
- Siberian group: Altai, Khakas, Shor, Tuvin, Yakut
Eastern languages:
- Uighur-Chagatai (or Karluk) group: Uzbek, Uighur, Salar (also classified as Southwestern), Chagatai (extinct)
Oghuric (or Hunnic) languages (or so-called "Lir Turkic"; sometimes considered to be a separate Altaic subfamily)
- Proto-Bulgar
  - Chuvash, Bolgar (extinct and the inclusion of Bolgar in the Turkic language group is disputed),
- Khazar (extinct)

Various elements have passed to Turkic languages especially from Chinese, Persian, Russian and Arabic languages, and various elements from Turkic languages have been carried as far as southeastern Asia, the northernmost territories of Russia, and even North America.

External links

Map of Turkic languages (http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/turk/turklm.htm)
Online Turkish Language (http://www.turkishclass.com/)
Online Uyghur-English Dictionary (http://dict.yulghun.com/)
Dmoz.org/../Languages/Altaic/Turkic/ (http://dmoz.org/Science/Social_Sciences/Language_and_Linguistics/Natural_Languages/Altaic/Turkic/)
Türk Dili (http://www.dilimiz.gen.tr/)ast:Llingües túrciques