Superacid
From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.
A superacid can be defined as an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% sulfuric acid. Some simple superacids include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H), also known as triflic acid, and fluorosulfonic acid (FSO3H), both of which are about a thousand times stronger than sulfuric acid. In many cases, the superacid is not a single compound, but is instead a system of several compounds that are combined to effect high acidity.
The term superacid was originally coined by James Bryant Conant in 1927 in classifying acids that were stronger than conventional mineral acids. George A. Olah won the 1994 Nobel prize in chemistry (http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1994/illpres/) for his investigations of superacids and their use in the direct observation of carbocations.
Olah's "magic acid" was named for its amazing ability to dissolve candle wax. Magic acid is a mix of the Lewis acid antimony pentafluoride (SbF5) and fluorosulfonic acid (a Brønsted acid). The strongest known superacid system, called fluoroantimonic acid, is a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and antimony pentafluoride. In this system, hydrofluoric acid releases the proton (H+), and the conjugate base (F-) is effectively sequestered by forming a strong coordinate bond with the fluorophillic antimony pentafluoride. The result of coordinate bond is a large inorganic octahedral anion (SbF6-), which is a very weak nucleophile and a very weak base.vi:Siêu axít
