Slavey language

From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.

The Slavey (also Slave) (pronounced: /slevi/) is an Athabaskan language used among the Slavey Native American people of Canada.

In older literature, the name of the language was spelt Slave; however, the connotations of this, along with the pronunciation of the homograph slave (the final e should be pronounced) have caused the change to Slavey instead.

Their language is considered to be a part of the Athabaskan language group (part of the larger Na-Dené family) and can be written using Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics or the Roman alphabet.

Slavey was the native language spoken by the fictional band in the Canadian television series, North of 60. Nick Sibbeston, a former Premier of the Northwest Territories, was a Slavey language and cultural consultant for the show.

Contents

1 info from North Slavey language and South Slavey language 2 Sounds 2.1 Consonants 2.1.1 Bearlake 2.1.2 Hare 2.1.3 Mountain 2.1.4 Slavey (proper) 2.1.5 Phonological processes 2.2 Vowels 2.3 Tone 3 Grammar 4 Bibliography

info from North Slavey language and South Slavey language

North Slavey language is spoken in the Mackenzie District along the middle Mackenzie River from Fort Norman north, around Great Bear Lake, and in the Mackenzie Mountains of the Canadian territory of Northwest Territories.

Statistics: Speakers: 290 (1998 Statistics Canada)

Alternate names: Slavi, Dené, Mackenzian, Slave

Dialects: Hare, Bearlake, Mountain

SIL code: SCS

ISO 639-2: den

South Slavey language or Dene-thah, is spoken in the region of Great Slave Lake, upper Mackenzie River and drainage in Mackenzie District, northeast Alberta, northwest British Columbia.

Statistics: Speakers: 2,620 (1998 Statistics Canada)

Alternate names: Slavi, Slave, Dené, Mackenzian

SIL code: SLA

ISO 639-2: den

Sounds

Consonants

Bearlake

The 35 consonants of Bearlake:

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Post-alveolar	Velar		Glottal
			central	lateral		plain	labial
Stop	unaspirated	p	t			k	kʷ
	aspirated		tʰ			kʰ	kʷʰ
	ejective		t’			k’	k’ʷ	ʔ
Affricate	unaspirated		ʦ	tɬ	ʧ
	aspirated		ʦʰ	tɬʰ	ʧʰ
	ejective		ʦ’	tɬ’	ʧ’
Nasal		m	n
Fricative	voiceless		s	ɬ	ʃ	x	ʍ	h
	voiced		z	ɮ	ʒ	ɣ
Approximant					j		w

Hare

The 30 (or 31) consonants of Hare:

		Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar		Post-alveolar	Velar		Glottal
				central	lateral		plain	labial
Stop	unaspirated	p		t			k	kʷ
	aspirated			tʰ			kʰ
	ejective			t’			k’		ʔ
Affricate	unaspirated			ʦ	tɬ	ʧ
	ejective			ʦ’	tɬ’	ʧ’
Nasal		m		n
Flap				(ɾ)
Fricative	voiceless		f	s	ɬ	ʃ	x		h
	voiced			z	ɮ	ʒ	ɣ
Approximant	plain					j		w
	preglottalized							ʔw

For some speakers of Hare, /ɾ/ has developed into a separate phoneme.

Mountain

The 33 consonants of Mountain:

		Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar		Post-alveolar	Velar	Glottal
				central	lateral
Stop	unaspirated	p		t			k
	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ			kʰ
	ejective	p’		t’			k’	ʔ
Affricate	unaspirated			ʦ	tɬ	ʧ
	aspirated			ʦʰ	tɬʰ	ʧʰ
	ejective			ʦ’	tɬ’	ʧ’
Nasal		m		n
Fricative	voiceless		f	s	ɬ	ʃ	x	h
	voiced		v	z	ɮ	ʒ	ɣ
Approximant						j

Slavey (proper)

The 34 (or 35) consonants of Slavey (proper):

		Bilabial	Labio-velar	Interdental	Alveolar		Post-alveolar	Velar	Glottal
					central	lateral
Stop	unaspirated	(p)			t			k
	aspirated				tʰ			kʰ
	ejective				t’			k’	ʔ
Affricate	unaspirated			t̪θʰ	ʦ	tɬ	ʧ
	aspirated			t̪θʰ	ʦʰ	tɬʰ	ʧʰ
	ejective			t̪θ’	ʦ’	tɬ’	ʧ’
Nasal		m			n
Fricative	voiceless			θ	s	ɬ	ʃ	x	h
	voiced			ð	z	ɮ	ʒ	ɣ
Approximant			w				j

Phonological processes

The following phonological and phonetic statements apply to all four dialects of Slavey.

• Unaspirated obstruents are either voiceless or weakly voiced, e.g.
  • /k/ → [ k ] or [ k̬ ]
• Aspirated obstruents are strongly aspirated.
• Ejectives are strongly ejective.
• When occurring between vowels, ejectives are often voiced, e.g.
  • /k’/ → [ ɡˀ ] or [ k’ ]
• /ʦʰ/ is usually strongly velarized, i.e. [ tˣ ].
• Velars are palatalized before front vowels, e.g.
  • /kɛ/ → [ cɛ ]
  • /xɛ/ → [ çɛ ]
  • /γɛ/ → [ ʝɛ ]
• Velar fricatives may be labialized before round vowels.
  • The voiceless fricative is usually labialized, e.g.
    • /xo/ → [ xʷo ]
  • The voiced fricative is optionally labialized and may additionally be defricated e.g.
    • /γo/ → [ γo ] or [ γʷo ] or [ wo ]
• Velar stops are also labialized before round vowels. These labialized velars are not as heavily rounded as labial velars (which occur in Bearlake and Hare), e.g.
  • /ko/ → [ kʷo ]
  • /kʷo/ → [ k̹ʷwo ]
• Lateral affricates are sometimes velar, i.e.
  • /tɬ/ → [ tɬ ] or [ kɬ ]
  • /tɬʰ/ → [ tɬʰ ] or [ kɬʰ ]
  • /tɬ’/ → [ tɬ’ ] or [ kɬ’ ]
• /x/ may be velar or glottal, i.e.
  • /x/ → [ x ] or [ h ]

Vowels

This section is a stub. You can help by adding to it (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Slavey_language&action=edit).

Tone

Slavey has two tones:

• high
• low

In Slavey orthography, high tone is marked with an acute accent, and low tone is unmarked.

Tones are both lexical and grammatical.

Lexical: /ɡáh/ 'along' vs. /ɡàh/ 'rabbit'

Grammar

Bibliography

• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Rice, Karen. (1989). A grammar of Slave. Mouton grammar library (No. 5). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-010779-1.

Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) Slavey_language (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_language) version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavey_language&action=history) GNU Free Documentation Lizenz (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License) CC-by-sa (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/)

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