Semiconductor materials

From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.

Semiconductor materials are insulators at absolute zero temperature that conduct electricity in a limited way at room temperature (see also Semiconductor). The defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be doped with impurities that alter its electronic properties in a controllable way.

Because of their application in devices like transistors (and therefore computers) and lasers, the search for new semiconductor materials and the improvement of existing materials is an important field of study in materials science.

The most commonly used semiconductor materials are crystalline inorganic solids. These materials can be classified according to the periodic table groups from which their constituent atoms come.

List of semiconductor materials

• Group IV elemental semiconductors
  • Diamond (C)
  • Silicon (Si)
  • Germanium (Ge)
• Group IV compound semiconductors
  • Silicon carbide (SiC)
  • Silicon germanide (SiGe)
• III-V semiconductors
  • Aluminium antimonide (AlSb)
  • Aluminium arsenide (AlAs)
  • Aluminium nitride (AlN)
  • Aluminium phosphide (AlP)
  • Boron nitride (BN)
  • Gallium antimonide (GaSb)
  • Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
  • Gallium nitride (GaN)
  • Gallium phosphide (GaP)
  • Indium antimonide (InSb)
  • Indium arsenide (InAs)
  • Indium nitride (InN)
  • Indium phosphide (InP)
• III-V ternary semiconductor alloys
  • Aluminium gallium arsenide (Al_xGa_1-xAs)
• II-VI semiconductors
  • Cadmium selenide (CdSe)
  • Cadmium sulfide (CdS)
  • Cadmium telluride (CdTe)
  • Zinc oxide (ZnO)
  • Zinc selenide (ZnSe)
  • Zinc sulfide (ZnS)
  • Zinc telluride (ZnTe)
• I-VII semiconductors
  • Cuprous chloride (CuCl)
• IV-VI semiconductors
  • Lead sulfide (PbS)
  • Lead telluride (PbTe)
  • Tin sulfide (SnS)
• II-V semiconductors
  • Cadmium phosphide (Cd₃P₂)
  • Cadmium arsenide (Cd₃As₂)
  • Cadmium antimonide (Cd₃Sb₂)
  • Zinc arsenide (Zn₃As₂)
• Layered semiconductors
  • Lead(II) iodide (PbI₂)
  • Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)
  • Gallium Selenide (GaSe)
• Miscellaneous oxides
  • Copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O)
  • Copper(II) oxide (CuO)
• Organic semiconductors
• Magnetic semiconductorszh:半导体材料

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