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Scrophulariaceae

From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.

Figwort family

Scrophularia nodosa

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Scrophulariaceae

Genera

See text

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of plants. In the past it was treated as comprising about 220-300 genera and about 4000-4500 species, but many of these have recently been transferred to other families (Olmstead et al., 2001; Olmstead, 2003). They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.

The family includes some medicinal plants, among them:

Leptandra, Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
Rehmannia, Chinese foxglove, used in Traditional Chinese medicine
Scrophularia, figworts
Verbascum, mulleins

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Genera

Agalinis Raf. -- false foxglove
Alectra Thunb.
Aureolaria Raf. -- false foxglove
Brachystigma Pennell -- desert foxglove
Buchnera L. -- bluehearts
Buddleja -- butterfly-bush
Capraria L.
Dasistoma Raf.
Diplacus Nutt. -- bush monkeyflower
Gerardia
Hemianthus Nutt.
Ilysanthes
Lathraea L. -- e.g., Toothwort
Lendneria Minod
Leptandra -- Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
Leucospora Nutt.
Macranthera Nutt.

Bellardia trixago
Mimetanthe Greene
Myoporum
Rehmannia Libosch.
Schwalbea L. -- schwalbea
Scrophularia L. -- figwort
Seymeria Pursh -- black senna
Striga Lour. -- witchweed
Tomanthera
Torenia L.
Verbascum L. -- mullein

and many more.

The following genera, traditionally included in the Scrophulariaceae, have now been transferred by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to other families on genetic evidence:

Amphianthus -> Plantaginaceae
Angelonia -> Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Bacopa -> Plantaginaceae
Bartsia -> Orobanchaceae
Bellardia -> Orobanchaceae
Besseya -> Plantaginaceae
Calceolaria -> Calceolariaceae
Castilleja -> Orobanchaceae
Chaenorrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Chelone -> Plantaginaceae
Chionophila -> Plantaginaceae
Collinsia -> Plantaginaceae
Cordylanthus -> Orobanchaceae
Cymbalaria -> Plantaginaceae
Digitalis -> Plantaginaceae
Dopatrium -> Plantaginaceae
Epixiphium -> Plantaginaceae
Euphrasia -> Orobanchaceae
Galvezia -> Plantaginaceae
Gambelia -> Plantaginaceae
Glossostigma -> Phrymaceae
Gratiola -> Plantaginaceae
Hebe -> Plantaginaceae
Holmgrenanthe -> Plantaginaceae
Howelliella -> Plantaginaceae
Keckiella -> Plantaginaceae
Kickxia -> Plantaginaceae
Lagotis -> Plantaginaceae
Leucophyllum -> Plantaginaceae
Limnophila -> Plantaginaceae
Limosella -> Plantaginaceae
Linaria -> Plantaginaceae
Lindernia -> Plantaginaceae
Lophospermum -> Plantaginaceae
Mabrya -> Plantaginaceae
Maurandella -> Plantaginaceae
Maurandya -> Plantaginaceae
Mazus -> Phrymaceae
Mecardonia -> Plantaginaceae
Melampyrum -> Orobanchaceae
Micranthemum -> Plantaginaceae
Mimulus -> Phrymaceae
Misopates -> Plantaginaceae
Mohavea -> Plantaginaceae
Nemesia -> Plantaginaceae
Neogaerrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Nothochelone -> Plantaginaceae
Nuttallanthus -> Plantaginaceae
Odontites -> Orobanchaceae
Orobanche -> Orobanchaceae
Orthocarpus -> Orobanchaceae
Parentucellia -> Orobanchaceae
Pedicularis -> Orobanchaceae
Paulownia -> Paulowniaceae
Penstemon -> Plantaginaceae
Pseudorontium -> Plantaginaceae
Rhinanthus -> Orobanchaceae
Russelia -> Plantaginaceae
Sairocarpus -> Plantaginaceae
Schistophragma -> Plantaginaceae
Scoparia -> Plantaginaceae
Stemodia -> Plantaginaceae
Synthyris -> Plantaginaceae
Tonella -> Plantaginaceae
Triphysaria -> Orobanchaceae
Veronica -> Plantaginaceae
Veronicastrum -> Plantaginaceae

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References

Olmstead, R. G., dePamphilis, C. W., Wolfe, A. D., Young, N. D., Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of Botany 88: 348-361 - on line here (http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/88/2/348).
Olmstead, R. G. 2003. Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae? Fremontia 30: 13-22.

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