Pacific decadal oscillation
From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a 23-year pattern of Pacific climate variability, similar to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While the two climate oscillations have similar spatial climate fingerprints, they have very different behavior in time.
The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is a similar pattern, with a cycle of 15–30 years, but affects both the north and south Pacific.
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation was named by Steven R. Hare, who noticed it while studying salmon production patterns. Simultaneously the PDO climate pattern was also found by Yuan Zhang. The two groups described the patterns in 1997 (Mantua et al., 1997).
The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20° N. During a "warm", or "positive", phase, the west Pacific becomes cool and part of the eastern ocean warms. The mechanism by which the pattern lasts over several years has not been identified; one suggestion is that a thin layer of warm water during summer may shield deeper cold waters, while another is that solar activity is not affected by seasonal variations.
A PDO signal has been reconstructed to 1661 through tree-ring chronologies in the Baja California area.
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Regime shifts
Although there are several patterns of behavior, the most significant one seems to be in regime shifts between "warm" and "cool" patterns which last 20 to 30 years.
- 1750: PDO displays an unusually strong oscillation.
- 1905: After a strong swing, PDO changed to a "warm" phase.
- 1946: PDO changed to a "cool" phase.
- 1977: PDO changed to a "warm" phase.
- 1998: PDO index showed several years of "cool" values, but has not remained in that pattern. [1] (http://www.iphc.washington.edu/Staff/hare/html/decadal/post1977/post1977.html)
Related patterns
- El Niņo (ENSO) timing is independent of PDO/IPO cycling.
- Shifts in the IPO change the location and strength of El Niņo (ENSO) activity. The South Pacific Convergence Zone moves northeast during El Niņo and southwest during La Niņa events. The same movement takes place during positive IPO and negative IPO phases respectively. (Folland et al., 2002)
- Interdecadal temperature variations in China are closely related to those of the NAO and the NPO.
- The amplitudes of the NAO and NPO increased in the 1960s and interannual variation patterns changed from 3–4 years to 8–15 years.
- The pattern of global warming during the past century changed to cooling during the 1946–1976 PDO "cool" regime.
- Sea level rise is affected when large areas of water warm and expand, or cool and contract.
References
- Franco Biondi, Alexander Gershunov, Daniel R. Cayan (2001). "North Pacific Decadal Climate Variability since 1661". Journal of Climate 14 (1): 5–10. DOI:<0005:NPDCVS>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0005:NPDCVS>2.0.CO;2 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014) [2] (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/biondi2001/biondi2001.html)
- LI Chongyin, HE Jinhai, ZHU Jinhong (2004). "A Review of Decadal/Interdecadal Climate Variation Studies in China". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 21 (3): 425–436.
- C. K. Folland, J. A. Renwick, M. J. Salinger, A. B. Mullan (2002). "Relative influences of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and ENSO in the South Pacific Convergence Zone". Geophysical Research Letters 29 (13): 21-1-21-4. DOI:10.1029/2001GL014201, (http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014201,) [3] (http://www.niwa.cri.nz/ncc/icu/2002-10/article)
- Nathan J. Mantua, Steven R. Hare, Yuan Zhang, John M. Wallace, and Robert C. Francis (June 1997). "A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 1069–1079. [4] (http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~mantua/abst.PDO.html)
External links
- "The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (http://tao.atmos.washington.edu/pdo/)." JISAO. Accessed on February 13, 2005.
- "Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/science/pdo.html)." JPL SCIENCE - PDO. Accessed on February 13, 2005.
