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Holodomor

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The Holodomor (Ukrainian: Голодомор) was the 1932–33 famine and a major national catastrophe in Ukraine. A lower estimate of the total death toll is near 5 million. This famine was part of the larger famine in the Soviet Union, which also affected Kazakhstan, the lower Volga region, and northern Caucasus, and in which several million persons died of starvation; estimates vary.

Contents

1 Etymology

2 Causes and outcomes

3 Related articles

4 External links

4.1 Declarations and legal acts
4.2 Books
4.3 Other sources

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Etymology

Holod means hunger or famine. Mor is an old East Slavic word meaning:

massive nonviolent deaths, as in epidemy
(seemingly nonviolent) actions that cause such deaths

Of direct relevance to holodomor is the cliché moryty golodom, "to inflict death by hunger". Holodomor is a noun for this verb phrase.

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Causes and outcomes

The nature and causes of the famine is a controversial, politically-loaded topic, and subject to debate by historians. Many Ukrainian historians view this as an artificial famine, a deliberate genocide committed as part of Joseph Stalin's collectivization program under the Soviet Union. Russian historians often maintain that the famine was a natural consequence of collectivization and associated resistance, exacerbating an already-poor harvest. Some criticize Ukrainian communities as using the term Holodomor, or sometimes Ukrainian Genocide or even Ukrainian Holocaust, to appropriate the larger-scale tragedy of collectivization as their own national terror-famine, thus exploiting it for political purposes.

On May 15, 2003, the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine declared the famine of 1932-1933 an act of genocide that was deliberately organized by Stalin's totalitarian regime against the Ukrainian nation.

While the course of the events as well as their underlying reasons are still a matter of debate, the decrease of population in Ukraine between 1927 and 1939 by 4 million is confirmed even by the official Soviet statistics. With the expected population natural growth taken into account, an estimated decrease of population in Ukraine is above 10 million. When considering this number, one must also take into an account the population migration (including forced resettlement) and the purges of 1933, a hardly quantifiabe factor.

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