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Biocrawler:Wikiportal/Poland

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The POLAND WIKIPORTAL

The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north. The Polish state is over 1,000 years old. In the 16th century, under the Jagiellonian dynasty, Poland was one of the richest and most powerful countries in Europe. On May 3, 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania ratified the May Constitution of Poland, being the first written constitution of Europe. Soon after Poland ceased to exist for 123 years, upon being partitioned by its neighbours Russia, Austria and Prussia. Poland regained independence in 1918, in the aftermath of the First World War, as the Second Polish Republic. After the Second World War it became a communist satellite state of the Soviet Union, known as the People's Republic of Poland. In 1989 the first partially free elections in Poland's post World War II history concluded the Solidarity movement's struggle for freedom and resulted in the defeat of Poland's communist rulers. In 1999 Poland became part of NATO and in 2004 it became a member of the European Union.

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Adoption of the 3rd May Constitution, painted by Jan Matejko

The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja) was Europe's first modern codified national constitution, and the world's second after the United States Constitution (which was written in 1787 and came into force in 1789). It was instituted by the Government Act (Polish: Ustawa rządowa) adopted on that date by the Sejm (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was designed to redress long-standing political defects of the federative Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The constitution instituted political equality between townspeople and nobility (szlachta) and placed the peasants under the protection of the government,[1] (http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Biocrawler:Wikiportal/Poland#endnote_Chlopi) thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom. The constitution abolished pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which at one time had placed the sejm at the mercy of any deputy who might choose, or be bribed by an interest or foreign power, to undo all the legislation that had been passed by that sejm. The May 3rd Constitution sought to supplant the existing anarchy fostered by some of the country's reactionary magnates, with a more egalitarian and democratic constitutional monarchy.

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The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Licheń

Did you know... edit  (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiportal:Poland/Did_you_know&action=edit)

...that Poland comprises of 16 voivodships?
...that a revolutionary semiconductor blue laser was constructed by a group of scientists from the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2001?
...that Polish mathematicians and cryptologists broke the Enigma cipher?
...that the first extra-solar planetary system was discovered by a Polish astronomer Aleksander Wolszczan?
...that the Polish astronomer Mikołaj Kopernik discovered a law, that the Earth is revolving around the Sun?

...that there is an Obi-Wan Kenobi Street in the village of Grabowiec, Poland?
...that after the fall of the November Uprising, Polish women who emigrated to France used to wear black ribands and jewellery as a symbol of mourning for their lost homeland?
...that one-fourth of the world's white storks make their home in Poland, where they are believed to bring good fortune to any farm on whose property they nest?

The Black Madonna of Czestochowa

...that the typical word for "hi" in Poland these days is "cześć" which actually means "honor"?
...that Poland's largest distribution daily newspaper, the Gazeta Wyborcza (Election Gazette), got its name because it was originally set up to campaign for Solidarity candidates in the 1989 elections?
...that the Black Madonna of Częstochowa according to a legend was painted by St. Luke the Evangelist on the table-top of the Holy Family in Nazareth?

Poems edit  (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiportal:Poland/Polish_poems&action=edit)

Fables and Parables
"The Blind Man and the Lame"
by Ignacy Krasicki
A blind man was carrying a lame man on his back,
And everything was going well, everything's on track,
When the blind man decides to take it into his head
That he needn't listen to all that the lame man said.
"This stick I have will guide the two of us safe," said he,
And though warned by the lame man, he plowed into a tree.
On they proceeded; the lame man now warned of a brook;
The two survived, but their possessions a soaking took.
At last the blind man ignored the warning of a drop,
And that was to turn out their final and fatal stop.
Which of the two travelers, you may ask, was to blame?
Why, 'twas both the heedless blind man and the trusting lame.

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Jan Henryk Dabrowski

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Poland

In the News edit  (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiportal:Poland/Polish_News&action=edit)

More current events...

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His Holiness Pope John Paul II, officially in Latin Iohannes Paulus II, born Karol Józef Wojtyla [2] (http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Biocrawler:Wikiportal/Poland#fn_pronunciation) (May 18 1920 – April 2 2005), was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church for almost 27 years, from 16 October 1978 until his death.

He was the first non-Italian (and first Polish ever) to serve in office since the Dutch-German Pope Adrian VI died in 1523. John Paul II's reign was the third-longest in the history of the Papacy, after those of Saint Peter (about 35 years) and Blessed Pius IX (31 years). This is in a distinctive contrast with that of his predecessor Pope John Paul I, who died suddenly after only 33 days in office, and in whose memory John Paul II named himself. The reign was marked by a continuing decline of Catholicism in industrialized nations and expansion in the third world

Things you can do edit  (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiportal:Poland/Opentask&action=edit)

This is just a start of the Polish Wikiportal. Much is needed to be done. So please, be of some help.

See also:

Paintings edit  (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiportal:Poland/Polish_paintings&action=edit)

"Kompozycja"
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz
1922, Oil on canvas. 91 x 115 cm
National Museum in Kraków

Quotes edit  (http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiportal:Poland/Polish_quotes&action=edit)

"To be defeated and not submit, that is victory; to be victorious and rest on one's laurels, that is defeat."

Józef Piłsudski

"Rex regnat sed non gubernat"
(The King reigns, but does not govern)

Jan Zamoyski

"I see the whole world open before me; the only place that remains sealed off is Poland, and suddenly I feel the atmosphere so close about me that at times it is difficult to breathe."

Ignacy Domeyko

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