Battle of New Georgia
From Biocrawler, the free encyclopedia.
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| Men of the United States 25th Infantry Division push through the jungle along the Zieta Trail on August 12, 1943 | |||||||||||||||||
| Battle of New Georgia | |||||||||||||||||
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| Conflict | World War II, Pacific War | ||||||||||||||||
| Date | June 20, 1943 – August 25, 1943 | ||||||||||||||||
| Place | New Georgia, Solomon Islands | ||||||||||||||||
| Result | Allied victory | ||||||||||||||||
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The Battle of New Georgia was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. It was the part of Operation Cartwheel conducted by the Allied Pacific Ocean Areas command, and was aimed at occurred in the New Georgia group of islands, in the central Solomon Islands from June 20, 1943 to August 25 1943 between Allied forces and the Empire of Japan.
Background
The Japanese had captured New Georgia in 1942 and built an airbase at Munda Point which began operations in December 1942 to support the battle of Guadalcanal. As it became clear at the end of 1942 that they could not hold Guadalcanal the Japanese commanders guessed that the Allies would move towards the Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain, and that the central Solomon Islands were logical steps on the way.
The Imperial Japanese Army believed that holding the Solomon Islands would be ultimately unsuccessful and that it would be better to wait for an Allied attack on Bougainville which would be much less costly to supply and reinforce. The Imperial Japanese Navy preferred to delay the Allied advance for as long as possible by maintaining a distant line of defence. With no effective central command, the two services implemented their own plans: the navy assumed responsibility for the defence of the central Solomons and the army for the northern Solomons.
By early 1943, some Allied leaders, notably the supreme commander in the neighboring South West Pacific Area command, General Douglas MacArthur, had wanted to focus on capturing Rabaul, but Japanese strength there and lack of landing craft meant that such an operation was not practical in 1943. Instead, on the initiative of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, a plan known as Operation Cartwheel was developed, which proposed to envelop and cut off Rabaul without capturing it, by simultaneous offensives in the Territory of New Guinea, and northwards through the Solomon Islands.
In early 1943, Japanese defenses were prepared against possible Allied landings on New Georgia, Kolombangara and Santa Isabel. By June 1943 there were 10,500 troops on New Georgia and 9,000 on Kolombangara well dug in and waiting for an Allied attack.
Landings
The first Allied landings were on 20 June 1943 by the United States 4th Marine Raider Battalion at Segi Point on New Georgia itself. There was no resistance and airfield construction began there on 30 June. From 12 July planes from Segi Point provided close air support for the battle.
On 30 June the 4th Marine Battalion captured Viru Harbor, but bad weather caused chaos at the simultaneous landings at Wickham Anchorage and Rendova Island.
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