Bartonella

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Bartonella
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Alpha Proteobacteria Order: Rhizobiales Family: Bartonellaceae Genus: Bartonella

Contents

1 General 2 Bartonella Infection Cycle 3 Pathophysiology (Humans) 3.1 Humans as reservoir host: 3.1.1 B.bacilliformis 3.1.2 B.quintana 3.2 Humans as incidental host: 3.2.1 B.henselae 3.2.2 B.clarridgeiae 3.2.3 B.koehlerae 3.2.4 B.elizabethae 3.2.5 B.vinsonii 3.2.6 B.grahamii 3.2.7 B.washoensis 4 History of Discovery 5 Reference

General

Bartonella is a genus of bacterium. There exist 21 known species of Bartonella, among which 9 have been associated with human diseases. The list of known species of Bartonella are: B. bacilliformis, B. talpae, B. quintana, B. peromysci, B. vinsonii spp. vinsonii, B. henselae, B. elizabethae, B. grahamii, B. taylorii, B. doshiae, B. vinsonii spp. berkhoffii, B. clarridgeiae, B. tribocorum, B. alsatica, B. koehlerae, B. vinsonii spp. arupensis, B. birtlesii, B. schoenbuchii, B. bovis (= B. weissii), B. capreoli, B. washoensis.

Bartonella Infection Cycle

The currently accepted model explaining the infection cycle is the following: In general case, the transmitting vectors are blood-sucking arthropods and the reservoir hosts are mammals. Immediately after infection, the bacteria colonize a primary niche, the endothelial cells. Every 5 days, a part of the Bartonella in the endothelial cells are released in the blood stream where they infect erythrocytes. The bacteria then invade and replicate within a phagosomal membrane inside the erythrocytes. Inside the erythrocytes, the Bartonella keeps multiplying until a certain density, where the erythrocyte is still "working" properly. At this point, the Bartonella has simply to wait until it is taken with the erythrocytes by a blood-sucking arthropod.

Pathophysiology (Humans)

Humans as reservoir host:

B.bacilliformis

• Causes Carrion's disease (Oroya fever, Verruga peruana)
• Appearance: Andes

B.quintana

• Causes Trench fever, Bacillary angiomatosis and endocarditis
• Appearance: worldwide

Humans as incidental host:

B.henselae

• reservoir host: Cat
• Causes: Cat-scratch Disease, Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacillary peliosis, Endocarditis, Bacteremia with fever and Neuroretinitis
• Appearance: worldwide

B.clarridgeiae

• reservoir host: Cat
• Causes: cat-scratch disease

B.koehlerae

• reservoir host: Cat

B.elizabethae

• reservoir host: Rat

B.vinsonii

• reservoir host: Mouse and Dog

B.grahamii

• reservoir host: Mouse
• Causes: Endocarditis

B.washoensis

• reservoir host: Squirrel
• Causes: Myocarditis

History of Discovery

Rochalimaea is an older synonym. It is named after Dr Alberto Leopoldo Barton Thompson, an Argentinian microbiologist working in Peru.

Reference

• Barton AL. Descripción de elementos endo-globulares hallados en las enfermos de fiebre verrucosa. Cron Med Lima 1909;26:7-10.
• Zaher Zeaiter, Zhongxing Liang, and Didier Raoult Genetic Classification and Differentiation of Bartonella Species Based on Comparison of Partial ftsZ Gene Sequences [link (http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/40/10/3641)]
• V. Jacomo, P. J. Kelly and D. Raoult. Natural History of Bartonella Infections (an Exception to Koch’s Postulate) [link (http://cdli.asm.org/cgi/content/full/9/1/8)]

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